CAPP was founded as the Alberta Oil Operators’ Association, an oil lobby, in 1927. The association underwent a number of name changes before becoming the Canadian Petroleum Association in 1952.¹ In 1992, the CPA was amalgamated with the Independent Petroleum Association of Canada (IPAC) to create the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers.²

There is no one industry association that represents the entire fossil fuel sector, although CAPP (whose remit includes natural gas) comes closest. CAPP describes itself as “the voice of Canada’s upstream petroleum industry.”³

As a key political organ of the fossil fuel industry, it advocates extensively in favour of expanded bitumen and natural gas production and pipeline infrastructure. CAPP does so by lobbying federal and provincial governments, creating research reports, circulating policy briefs and media releases and funding other civil society organizations that champion the interests and perspectives of the fossil fuel industry in Canada.

Through its Executive Policy Groups and with 80+ staff, CAPP has produced hundreds of publications on public and industry policy. These include in-house publications that promote the economic merits of extraction and present energy market statistics on industry trends, such as the state of liquified natural gas development in BC, and oil supply and infrastructure.⁴

CAPP—along with the Business Council of Canada (in all its incarnations since the 1980s)—has played a major role in shaping Canada’s and Alberta’s climate change policies, campaigning for a voluntary (non-regulatory) and technology-fund-driven approach to the reduction of greenhouse gases by large emitters. CAPP’s approach has been adopted by successive governments in Alberta and federally since the 1990s. Alberta’s “cap-and-trade” system for emitters amounts to an insignificant cost for oil sands producers, and the Climate Change and Emissions Management Fund recycles much of the carbon levy revenue back to large emitters in the form of research and development grants. While some of the large corporations operating in the oil sands have publicly acknowledged the need for carbon pricing, CAPP has lobbied against the “dialling up” of emissions reduction requirements and of the carbon levy rate.⁵ CAPP successfully opposed reforms to Alberta’s royalties regime in the 2000s, when the Stelmach government was set to implement the recommendations of its 2006/07 royalties review panel,⁷

In July 2017, CAPP issued a policy document that is a significant marker of its assumptions about its relationship with the government of Alberta. The document, entitled A Competitive Policy and Regulatory Framework for Alberta’s Upstream Oil and Natural Gas Industry, sets out the energy corporations’ wish list for reduced taxation, more labour market “flexibility,” the use of offsets to comply with requirements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, “streamlined” environmental regulations, and the continued use of the Climate Change and Emissions Management Fund as a technology fund for research and development of large emitters.⁸ It proposed the creation of a “Sustainable Prosperity Steering Committee where industry and government can work together to find solutions that bring back investment, enhance competitiveness and regulatory timelines, address uncertainty caused by federal initiatives and ultimately create jobs for Albertans.”⁹ Its proposed “steering committee” was to be “comprised of senior representatives the fossil fuel industry and the province—notably the Premier’s Office, the ministries of Energy, Economic Development and Trade, and Environment and Parks and the Alberta Energy Regulator,”, and would work across the “whole of government” to “strengthen Alberta’s investment attractiveness” alongside the government’s climate objectives.¹⁰

CAPP also involves itself in policy and regulatory initiatives of other provincial governments and, of course, the federal government. Provincially, CAPP lobbied the BC Liberal Party 1,848 times between 2010 and 2016 (October), including some 201 contacts between October 2015 and August 2016 concerning the BC Climate Leadership Plan.¹¹ In its submission to the Climate Leadership Plan, CAPP suggested that “climate policy initiatives undertaken by the province seek to not only preserve, but enhance the economic competitiveness of British Columbia’s upstream oil and gas sector.”¹² Here CAPP was encouraging the government to use its climate policy as a means of bolstering the profitability of the fossil fuel industry. As of 2018, CAPP has 35 active federal lobbyists (not counting consultant lobbyists) and from November 2011 to February 2018 it registered 1,268 lobbying communications with federal government officials, making it the leading lobbyist within the fossil fuel sector.¹³ CAPP lobbies on topics ranging from Aboriginal affairs to taxation and finance, and, of course, energy, environment and climate. It has weighed in on the recommendations of the Expert Panel on the Modernization of the National Energy Board and lobbied the Department of Environment and Climate Change Canada on proposed changes to the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act.¹⁴

As suggested above, CAPP also funds civil society organizations that shore up the case for “business as usual” surrounding fossil-fuel-based energy. For example, CAPP is as a major funder of Vancouver-based Clear Seas Centre for Responsible Marine Shipping, a policy planning group established in 2014, which touts the merits of liquified natural gas shipping.¹⁵ CAPP also sponsors faux grassroots “citizen groups” and initiatives such as Canada’s Energy Citizens—an advocacy organization for the Canadian oil and gas industry whose social media campaigns and rallies convene on-the-ground support for the sector.¹⁶ These groups present themselves as citizens’ initiatives, allowing them to overcome perceptions of elitism, while delivering pro-corporate messages to the public. In order to position itself as a citizens’ initiative, Canada’s Energy Citizens does not actively promote its funding relationships with the oil and gas sector, but CAPP’s website features the organization as one of its major initiatives.[/efn_note]